Don’t forget these 7 Endocrine medications

Don’t forget these 7 Endocrine medications 

1.   Metformin:

·    Indications:

i)      Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM)

ii)    Polycystic ovary syndrome

·    Key side effects:

i)       Weight loss

ii)     Vitamin B12 deficiency (long-term-use).

iii)    Lactic acidosis

·    Remember:

i)   Temporarily discontinue metformin for 48 hours before injecting iodinated contrast.

 

   2.   Pioglitazone:

·    Indications:

i)    Type 2 Diabetes

ii)   Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

·    Key side effects:

i)    Weight gain

ii)   Chronic heart failure

iii)    Peripheral edema

·    Remember:

i)      This medicine is rarely used due to unfavourable benefit-to-risk profile.

3.   Levothyroxine:

·    Indications:

i)      Hypothyroidism

ii)     Myxoedema coma

·    Key side effects:

i)      Palpitation & Tachycardia

ii)    Weight reduction

iii)    Heat intolerance

·    Remember:

i)     Full therapeutic effect can only see.

ii)     After around 6weeks.

4.   Hydrocortisone:

·    Indications:

i)    Adrenal insufficiency

ii)    Anti-inflammatory agent

·    Key side effects:

i)      Cushingoid features, like moon face

ii)     Osteoporosis

iii)    Gastrointestinal ulcer

·    Remember:

i)     After long term use, steroids will cause HPA suppression and require tapering.

5.   Dapagliflozin:

·    Indications:

i)    Type 2 Diabetes

ii)     (esp in pts with risk in ASCVD)

·    Key side effects:

i)       Urinary tract infection

ii)  Acute kidney injury

iii)     Risk of bone fracture

·    Remember:

i)     Cannot use in severe renal failure (eGFR <30).

6.   Oxytocin:

·    Indications:

i)    Indication of labor

ii)       Postpartum uterine bleeding

·    Key side effects:

i)     Cardiac arrhythmia

ii)    Postpartum haemorrhage

iii)   Water inoxication

·    Remember:

i)     In some conditions, such as partial placenta previa, do not use oxytocin.

7.   Insulin:

·    Indication:

i)      Diabetes mellitus (T1& T2)

ii)     Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

·    Key side effects:

i)     Hypoglycaemia(hypo)

ii)   Hypokalaemia

iii)    lipodystrophy

·    Remember:

i)    Classified by duration of action as rapid, short, intermediate, long-acting.